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Researchers worldwide are racing to develop potential vaccines and drugs to fight COVID-19. Now, a group of researchers has figured out the molecular(分子的) structure of a key protein that the coronavirus uses to invade human cells.

Previous research shows that the coronaviruses invade cells through the so-called “spike” proteins, but those proteins take on different shapes in different coronaviruses. Figuring out the shape of the spike protein in the novel coronavirus is the key to figuring out how to target the virus. But the spike protein is the major surface protein that it uses to combine with a receptor—another protein that acts like a doorway into a human cell. After the spike protein combines with the human cell receptor, the viral membrane combines with the human cell membrane, allowing the genome of the virus to enter human cells and begin infection. To prevent attachment and combination, people will prevent entry.

Earlier this month, researchers published the genome of the novel coronavirus. They identified the specific genes that code for the spike protein and then sent that gene information to a company that creates the genes. The group then injected those genes into mammalian cells in a lab dish. Next, using a very detailed microscopy technique called cryogenic electron microscopy, the group created a 3D “map”, or “blueprint” of the spike proteins. The blueprint revealed the structure of the molecule. It's a very important step forward and may help with the development of a vaccine against COVID-19.The spike protein would be the likely choice for the rapid development of vaccine antigens and treatments.